Transnational Organized Crime Research for Republic of Ireland

This research may or may not be publicly published depending on the decision of the researcher whether classified information is contained that may jeopardizes national security interests.
Reason for research: Organizational and cross-agency learning, as well as working with the community to reduce the crime rate in society.
Research focus: Understanding criminal psychological principles and their application in the real world is the research focus.
Research Abstract
• The origin of criminality.
• Criminals and their criminal behavior.
• Intentions and the subsequent reactions of a criminal.
• Specific chemical imbalances in the minds of criminals.
• Why are some people inclined to commit crimes genetically?
• The biological or physiological reasons for the way criminals behave.
•  The hypotheses.
• Cognitive theories of how criminals see and understand the world around them.
• Why do criminals act the way they do?
• Theories Behind Criminal Behavior.
• How is criminal behavior developed through learning experiences?

Researcher Background

Name Ekens Azubuike, Founder, and board member. Ekens Foundation International is an Independent Human Rights Commissioner and a Think Tank on Civil and Political Rights Advocacy. Details are available at https://Ekensfoundation.org/

Ekens Security and Law Science Corp., Canada is an international security and counterintelligence expert. Details are available at www.ekenssecurity.com/

The Author: The Political Philosophy and Psychological Leadership Book readily available on Amazon via https://www.amazon.com/dp/1738641503

Academic Background and Awards in Resume

Ekens Azubuike graduated with postgraduate diplomas and postgraduate certificates comprised with internship components.

First Class Honors with Distinction: Diploma in Criminology,
First Class Honors with Distinction: Diploma in Criminal Psychology
First Class Honors with Distinction: Diploma in Police Science and Law Enforcement and Protection
First Class Honors with Distinction: Diploma in Behavioral Psychology
First Class Honors and Distinction in Political Ideologies with First Class Honors and Distinction
Diploma in International Convention and Maritime Law with First Class Honors
First Class Honors with Distinction: Diploma in English Literature
First Class Honors with Distinction: Diploma in Ethical Hacking
First Class Honors with Distinction: Diploma in Legal Studies
First Class Honors with Distinction: Diploma in Journalism
Certificate of Completion: Crime Scene Investigation (CSI)
Certificate of Completion: Law for (LLB) Students Comprehensive
Certificate of Completion: Digital and Computer Forensics Investigation
Deep Web (Tor) Investigation Certificate of Completion:
Certificate of Completion: Criminal Justice
Certificate: Corporate and Business Law
Criminal Law: Certificate:
Certificate: Application of human rights frameworks
International Human Rights Law and Education
First Class Honors with Distinction: Diploma in Intellectual Property Rights and Competitive Law
Certificate in Legal Studies Laws and Judicial System
First Class Honor with Distinction: Diploma in Strategic Management
Diploma in Labor Law and Statutory Compliance for Human Resources
Certificate of Completion: Expert Witness
In accordance with Canadian diplomacy and the United Nations.
Certificate: International Relations
Certificate of attendance: Montreal Cybersecurity Conference 2018
Certificate of Attendance: Canada East Virtual Cybersecurity Summit 2021
Certificate of Completion: Counter-Terrorism, Certificate: Counterintelligence, Cyber Terrorism, Cyber Threats.
studies
MM SCM. in International Law
MM SCM. in International Humanitarian Law.
MM SCM. in International Human Rights Law
MM SCM. in International Refugee Law.
MM SCM.in International Investment Law.
Currently on an MSc in Criminology and Criminal Psychology,

My Concern Over the Increase of Crime in Ireland

I was in the process of publishing a book about my research on crime in Ireland, which was inspired by my concern about multiple children growing up without a biological father.

I decided to get involved in this consultation with the Irish Garda Police Department because I was concerned over the rate of ethnic minority people growing up in Ireland without their biological parents.

I have been concerned about the increase in organist crime in Ireland because of the non-inclusive parents of Irish-born children and the systematic immigration policy of the minister of justice in Ireland since 2014 without the tough long-term effect on society.

Regardless, the Irish immigration law is supposed to be the most robust and humanitarian immigration law in the history of man.

The first cause of the rapid rise in crime.

As criminologists, criminal psychologists specialize in the professional study of criminals’ thoughts and intentions, as well as the reactions of those who participate in criminal and violent offenses.

As a criminal psychologist expert who takes part in numerous activities related to the investigation and the conduction of psychological testing of offenders for various crimes, I find out why people commit the offenses and what their motives are, including what made them commit such acts.

I would first address the reason for the rapid rise in criminal activity.

The main reasons for the rapid rise in the number of criminal and violent offenses occurring in society today are what measures should be taken to reduce the statistics of such incidents.

One of the reasons cited for the rise in crime is unemployment and the rising cost of living.
With the advance in technology, a significant proportion of unskilled jobs in factories and industries have been replaced by heavy machinery, leading to whole groups of previously employed individuals struggling to find work.

For some, criminal activity is an answer to this lack of opportunity.

It is said that violent crimes such as murder and rape can be explained as a result of a disturbed or traumatized subconscious.

In simple terms, individuals exposed to such violence in their childhood may be unable to quell these traumatizing memories and act on them in later life as a result.

The oldest known explanation for criminal behavior is known as demonology.

Demonology suggests that such behavior is a result of a possessed mind and a possessed body.
It was also believed that the only way to remove such evil influences was by using torturous methods.

The Born Criminal Theory believes that individuals are born criminals and can be identified by their physical features such as a large jaw, high cheekbones, and big ears.

Inchoate Crime due to a Lack of Both Parental Homes in Ireland

With my studies, I came to realize that crime in Ireland can be easily managed because there are many inchoate crimes in the country, referred to as incomplete crimes.

Such crimes are defined as acts that involve the tendency or desire to take part in criminal activity, indirectly, or commit crime.

These crimes include the attempt to commit, conspiracy or planning of the criminal act, and the solicitation to go through the process of committing it.

Additionally, if one hasn’t done anything wrong or illegal but is an accomplice to a criminal offense, then one will have been said to have committed an inchoate crime.

Attempting to commit a crime involves the actual struggle of trying to perform the criminal act but failing to do so.

Any threats or challenges are also considered attempts, in some situations, to refer to conspiracy to commit the crime in the agreement of being a part of the criminal act.

Solicitation to commit a crime refers to asking someone to commit the crime with or without their consent.

According to the website, https://onefamily.ie/media-policy/facts-figures/

About One out of five Families in Ireland is under one single parent.

• 1 in 5kids in Ireland lives in one-parent families.
• One in four families with children in Ireland is a one-parent family.
• 86.4% of one-parent families are headed by a mother, and 13.6% by a father.
• The number of one-parent families headed by a parent aged 15–34 has decreased, while the number of one-parent families headed by a parent aged 35+ has increased.

• At the place were 218,817 (25.4%) family units with children (of any age) headed by a lone parent. This is an increase of over 3,500 families since 2011. Almost 90,000 were single; a further 50,496 were widowed, and the remaining 68,378 were separated or divorced.

• This represented approximately one in four families with children and one in five of all families (25.4% of all family units with children in Ireland and 18% of all family units).
• One in five children lived in one-parent families, representing more than one in five, or 21.2% of all children in family units.
• The average one-parent family has 1.63 children, compared to an average of 1.95 for the population overall.
• The total number of divorced people in Ireland has increased from 87,770 in 2011 to 103,895 in 2016. This is an increase of over 44,000 people in the last ten years.

• In contrast, the number of people identified as separated has leveled off and stood at 118,178, up marginally from 116,194 five years earlier. Because divorce in Ireland generally requires a period of separation in the first instance (up to five years), the figures reflect both a progression from separation to divorce and an increase in the number of people who are separated.

• In June 2022, there were 1385 families experiencing homelessness in the state, 71% of which were in Dublin. This is a 1.4% increase from May and a 23.8% increase from January, showing a startling rise in family homelessness throughout 2022.

• One-parent families are disproportionately affected by homelessness. Despite making up just 20% of families in Ireland, one-parent families make up 54.2% of homeless families.
• These 1385 families include 2242 adults and 3071 children.

Theories

While many distinct theories have been put forward to explain the psychological aspect of a person committing a crime, one common belief is that it is the individual’s thoughts, feelings, and emotions that lead them to conduct unlawful actions.

There were three historical, originating beliefs regarding how to detect someone who is a criminal or is likely to become a criminal.

The human personality is a structure comprising three parts:

1.id (the principle of pleasure)
2. Ego (principle of reality)
3. The superego (also known as the conscience) forces the ego to control the id.

The Facts to Consider

The reality to be considered by the Irish government on both parental care of the majority of children living in Ireland based on the psychological aspects of criminal behavior,
The following four are the basic points to consider when it comes to criminal psychology theories:

Failure in the development process Psychologically, the acquisition of aggressive and violent behaviors is inherent in personality traits. The relationship between mental illness and criminality.

Failure in the development process psychologically It is believed that some people act violently and aggressively because they did not grow or develop in the same way as normal individuals.

For example, suppose one does whatever he desires or wants without thinking, for a minute, whether it is a rightful act or a wrongful one.

In contrast, another person will hear a voice inside him reminding him of what is lawful and what is illegal.

In this instance, one has developed psychologically, whereas the other has not.
learning about aggressive and violent behavior. In most cases, people are not born with violent desires and intentions to act aggressively.

They learn gradually in life through the following three ways: including the situation in Ireland where many growing kids are growing up with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a traumatizing manner of not knowing who their father is, or haven’t known or seen their father for the first time, while their mother keeps formulating one story or another daily for them.

Given that the Irish government has ignored the consequences of deferring to the ethnic and cultural backgrounds of those grown children,

Most children without both parents in Ireland develop PTSD and are more likely to have problems with behavior and school and problems getting along with others.

They may witness more anxiety, aggression, and hyperactivity than children with both parents.

All of these tend toward unwanted criminal behavior in Inchoate Crime.

If the environmental and social experiences of the individual are mostly surrounded by trauma, violence, and aggression, especially in his or her childhood, then they are more likely to be prone to the same aggressive and violent behavior due to not knowing who their parents are in foreign environments.

This is because, since they have witnessed and lived with unanswered questions about the reality of dead or alive parents, such as lack of fatherly care, this would lead to anger and aggressive and inbuilt stress behavior and criminal activities.

They are more likely to believe that it is the most common and appropriate way to act.
For example, if one comes from an illiterate and abusive family, growing up as a wedlock child, as may be the case in Ireland, he or she does not tend to develop violence and is ill-mannered.

While knowing that both parents may naturally calm him or her down in a certain manner, it is normal for them to take out their anger and frustration on other people by not being extremely violent to them.

Inherent in personality traits, many tests and experiments have resulted in the belief that there are certain characteristics that criminals tend to share. Based on psychological imbalance, certain personality traits predispose an individual towards criminal and violent behavior.

For example, a toddler may prefer dangerous and exciting activities, especially outdoor activities. whereas another one may perfectly happy staying at home and coloring and painting.

Mental Illness and Criminality

There is a very high proportion of criminals who have mental illnesses.
In other words, sometimes people with mental disorders are the ones who end up committing the most crimes.

This can be due to the following reasons:

Inferiority complex People do not accept them for who they are

• no distinct social position
• Damaged personality, weak ego
• The trauma in the school of not knowing who the actual biological father is by them on a daily basis, seeing other parents picking up their children from school
• Delusional and psychological feelings and biological traits towards criminality and imbalances in biochemicals can influence criminal acts.

For instance, certain vitamins or an imbalance of hormones can trigger an illegal act Genetics also plays a role to some extent.

Criminal parents can act as role models for their children, who grow up to follow in their parent’s footsteps.

Neurological defects or impairment of the brain in the early stages of life can also be one of the reasons for violent behavior.

Trait Intelligence:

A lower IQ will result in a failure in school or college, and this can increase the crime rate. In particular, antisocial personalities suffer from the anger of not knowing who their parents are, which leads to a lack of concern for others and a loss of emotional depth overall.

Socio-Economic Aspects

The main aspect here is the way a child is taught how to behave and learns the rules and values of society from a very early age.

A small child will never know that stealing or robbery is theft until he/she is taught this fact.

Along with what is right and wrong, it is also very important to teach young children the consequences of committing such criminal acts in society so that they are discouraged from a very early age and only focus on what is acceptable.

Consistency should also be incorporated into this learning and behavior because only with consistent behavior will the child start to show the desired characteristics in their personality.

On the other hand, if a child is taught but there is no consistency in the teachings of moral values, then the child will be less likely to incorporate such desired moral obligations into their behavior, and this will gradually lead them towards unlawful and criminal behavior.

Furthermore, the level of education is seen as a highly significant factor in triggering criminal behavior.

Those individuals with learning disabilities, slow learners, or who possess a low IQ level have been shown to have committed more violent acts than those who don’t share these characteristics.

Therefore, it is important to stress the importance of education for everyone from an early age to reduce negative behavior in our society.

Apart from that, other social problems such as single-parent families, school dropouts, teenage pregnancies, ethnic conflict, ethnicity, and racism have increased rapidly over the last decade, and statistics have shown that these factors trigger crime in society to a very large extent.

Another major social aspect that raises the levels of crime is the easy availability of guns and other armed weapons.

Such weapons influence criminal activities. There is strong evidence to support the argument that guns are being bought in large numbers by most customers, most of whom are young people.

Statistics have also shown that crime has its geography. In other words, particular neighborhoods in a city will be prone to violence at a higher rate compared to other neighborhoods in the same city.

Over time, psychologists have observed that there has been a rise in the number of crimes committed by women compared to the female criminal rates of the past.

In the proportion of 9:1, men are more prone to violence compared to women.

Over the years, female delinquency rates have increased remarkably, mainly due to the factors associated with criminal behavior among men, which has given rise to mental health issues, health issues, early pregnancies, and child neglect in the female population.

Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortices

The frontal lobe, in particular the orbital and ventromedial prefrontal cortices, has a primary role in moral behavior, emotionally driving moral decisions, and being involved in abnormal moral behavior.

The part of the brain responsible for making moral decisions is often not working properly in aggressive individuals, leading to violent behavior.

It has also been found that some brain chemicals (or lack of brain chemicals) can lead to violent behavior in individuals.

Biological Causes of Criminal Activity:

Neurochemicals activate the tendencies and behavioral patterns in certain regions of the brain.
Monoamine oxididase A (MAOA) is a neurochemical that has been found to increase antisocial behavior. The low activity form of MAOA (MAOA-L) leads to aggression.

Avoiding Crime Through Self-Control

To avoid crime, self-control is a prerequisite because children begin to develop self-control at an early age and this level of self-control normally remains constant throughout life.

What Does Lack of Self-Control Lead to?

People with low self-control tend to have little sympathy for others.

They are self-centered and emotionally demonstrative. Low self-control can, and does, lead to criminal behavior.

Behind Criminal Behavior

Inefficient parenting is the main cause of low self-control in children, often due to a weak bond between parent and child.

It may also arise if the child is suffering from a physiological inability.

Low self-control can lead to individuals becoming easily frustrated because they quickly respond to anything that does not seem suitable, such as physical and verbal fights over petty matters.

A criminal act may not seem dangerous to a person with low self-control as they rarely consider the consequences. For such a person, only the pleasure of crime is apparent, not the consequences.

Individuals with low self-control can become victims of drugs and alcohol. They are not able to maintain good social relations and fail to keep commitments and relationships.

Unfortunately, if self-control does not develop at an early age, it will probably not develop later. Proper efforts must be made at an early age.

Low self-control can lead a person to adopt criminal behavior because a person with low self-control present in a crime-promoting environment will often go on to exhibit criminal behavior.

People who cannot control themselves while committing crimes are mostly impulsive, and they usually do not care about the consequences at that time.

All they care about is their benefit; they fail to focus on the bigger picture.
Tackling Low Self-Control Low self-control does not develop late in life; rather, it develops at a young age and remains stable throughout life.

But self-control can be developed by proper training from the beginning.

Lack of attention, nurturing by both parents, and training by parents can lead to low self-control in children.

The Irish government should see it as a priority that parents should learn to recognize impulsiveness in their children and encourage patience and sensitivity toward others.

School also plays an important role here by monitoring the behavior of children, especially by talking to the kids to know about their feelings and to know whether they’re living with single parents, including allowing both parents to be involved in the kid’s life even if they’re in long-distance relationships or marriage.

Teachers can recognize disruptive behavior and maintain discipline because, according to self-control theory, we are all rational and care only about our pleasure without receiving any sort of pain.

We want to benefit from crime without the consequences. The only thing that stops us from committing crimes is the serious penalties we would have to face as a consequence. These consequences greatly influence an individual’s behavior.

Some people believe there is a supreme authority watching over their actions.
Individuals with a high degree of self-control may consider this; they consider the long-term consequences of crimes and do not focus simply on the immediate benefits offered by criminal acts but instead on the bigger picture.

Self-control is thus a factor that decides whether a person is a criminal or a law-abiding individual.

Experiments have been conducted on rats.

The MAOA gene was removed and the rats began to show aggressive behavior.
When the MAOA gene was reintroduced, the rats’ behavior returned to normal.
Low levels of serotonin are also related to aggression and impulsive behavior.
(High levels of serotonin inhibit aggressive behavior.

Serotonin also plays a role in regulating human expression.

Aggressiveness may be caused by the interaction of dopamine and serotonin in the prefrontal cortex.

High levels of dopamine cause aggressive behavior in both animals and humans.
Predatory aggressiveness is linked with dopamine levels.

High levels of serotonin and low levels of dopamine decrease aggressiveness and vice versa.
Testosterone and norepinephrine also contribute to aggression.

Any damage to the neural circuit may decrease decision-making, leading to violent or antisocial behavior.

Any damage to the prefrontal cortex may lead to aggressive and violent behavior.
The prefrontal region can also be damaged by lead, which is a neurotoxin.

Antisocial individuals have been shown to suffer from damaged brain structures, particularly the angular gyrus, amygdala, and dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex.

Damage to the frontal lobe decreases emotional control, which affects the way we respond to environmental factors.

The prefrontal cortex is vital to decision-making and judgment. It is also responsible for making moral decisions.

Any damage in this area occurring in childhood makes it difficult to understand moral behavior.

The low-level activity of PFC causes violence and aggression.

Abnormal EEG activity is found to be associated with aggressive behavior and antisocial personality disorder.

Orbitofrontal EEG abnormal activity causes assaultive behavior and hallucinations.
People suffering from epilepsy frequently show aggressive and violent behavior.

Individuals with frontotemporal dementia, Huntington’s disease, and primary progressive aphasia are also more likely to show criminal or aggressive behavior.

The anterior cingulate cortex is vital in showing impulsivity and in behavior regulation and is also associated with crime.

People with lower ACC activity have been found to be more violent than others.
Psychopathy is related to low activity in the prefrontal cortex.

If the frontal lobes of the brain are damaged, it may lead to criminal behavior.
Damages to the ventromedial frontal cortex are responsible for psychopathy.

People suffering from nervous disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease or Korsakov’s syndrome often show violent and aggressive behavior.

People suffering from antisocial personality disorder are more likely to indulge in criminal activity.

They cannot differentiate between what is right and what is wrong. They violate the rules of the law and society without realizing it.

This disorder occurs more often in males than in females. In this disorder, people suffer a reduction of the middle frontal gyrus by 18 percent and the orbital frontal gyrus by 9 percent.
They have a damaged amygdala, which controls emotions, and so they cannot show basic emotions of remorse, guilt, or empathy.

Genetics studies have shown that identical twins have shown criminal behavior, even if they are brought up separately.

This does not happen in the case of fraternal or non-identical twins.
This indicates that some part of DNA is responsible for carrying that particular gene that causes criminal behavior.

There is a strong link between personality disorders and traits of criminal behavior.
These disorders include Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiance Disorder (ODD), and Conduct Disorder (CD). When an ODD child matures, his character changes, and his behavior may deteriorate.

In the case of CD, a person violates the rules of society. A child suffering from CD will have problems following rules and is more likely to cause physical harm and bullying, show a cruel attitude to animals or people, lie, and destroy other people’s property.

ADHD sufferers are often hyperactive and impulsive because those with ADHD are more likely to commit crimes than those without the condition.

On reaching adulthood, an individual will have a set of moral values in place.

A man’s values tend to be based mainly on principles of justice and law, whereas a woman’s values of morality depend more on care and compassion.

Each individual’s response in any situation will depend on their view of the consequences they will have to face later on. An individual’s reaction to a situation may differ from what he expected.

He may overlook the laws of society if he finds them contrary to his or her benefits.
The most important aspect of criminal behavior is how a criminal perceives his or her surroundings and what his or her perspective is on various moral values. Ego affects one’s moral decision-making ability.

However, no one can predict how a person will react in different circumstances, as a person will only do what he feels is right in that particular situation.
Why Do We Break the Law?

No one is born with a complete set of moral values already in place; these values are taught to us by our parents or by our peers.

The environment also plays a role in developing our attitude towards criminal behavior, as does economic inequality.

Family conditions certainly affect an individual’s behavior.

Negligence and violence from parents will often lead children toward crime.

The way the media portrays crime has a great influence on people’s minds, with some scenarios becoming an indelible part of our subconscious.

The media is a major factor in changing one’s behavior and conduct. Antisocial behavior leads to criminal thinking, although many criminals blame other people for their actions and will feel that their actions are justified.

As children develop, they learn their moral values from their parents.
A parent has to teach a child true moral values and the laws of society.

Through punishment, a child quickly learns about immoral values.

If a child has a role model to follow, he will often attempt to adopt those positive elements into his personality.

Children learn hugely from what goes on around them. The role of parents in this regard cannot be neglected.

Impulsive and short-tempered parents or guardians can lead to children developing these characteristics themselves.

It is often said that a man is known by the company he keeps, and criminal behavior is often learned behavior following exposure to criminal patterns.

A morally healthy environment is necessary to develop good behavior. In this way, healthy moral values become part of a child’s conscience.

Free Will

Human judgment cannot always be predicted as we each have our own free will.
There is, ultimately, no way of predicting how an individual will react in any given situation.
For example, a person may commit a crime to save someone’s life or he may steal food to avoid starvation.

It is not always possible to predict one’s decision-making ability.

It is the condition that is important under the influence of which a person commits crimes.
Equally, it is not always true that a person living in a criminal environment will turn out to be a criminal, although it’s true that a child growing up in an aggressive family is more likely to show aggressive behavior themselves.

Social Divide

Class differences are a major cause of crime, as people living in slums are more likely to be criminals than people living in more affluent environments.

A sense of deprivation drives a large number of criminal activities.

Punishment

Crimes can be avoided by punishment. The severity of the punishment will often determine whether an individual will re-offend. Punishment does not eliminate the crime rate but can reduce it.

Certain punishments may not affect an individual in the way they will affect others, since it depends on what the person has to lose in each case.

Human Personality and Criminality

A human personality consists of identity, ego, and superego. Childhood experiences and events help in shaping our personalities because we are all born with an id, the part responsible for developing pleasure-seeking in an individual’s personality.

The id develops psychic processes and instincts and is crucial in childhood. While a child wants all his desires to be fulfilled such as his desire for food, he will cry until those desires are fulfilled.

As a child grows, the ego begins to develop until this is also an established part of the personality, and the ego wishes to satisfy its interests but keeps in mind the current scenario, with the superego and interests in a state of balance.

Ego tends to play a negative role in one’s life. Although a strong person indeed has a strong ego as the most powerful aspect of their personality, as a child reaches the age of five, he comes to know about the rules and laws taught to him by his teachers, parents, and elders.

At this age, the superego develops. Superego is essential as it develops moral sense because it depends on moral rules, telling a child what is right or what is wrong.

An adult’s behavior reflects our childhood learning and experiences, as everything we do has an unconscious motive behind it. The Id and superego build up the unconscious mind, while the ego makes up the conscious mind.

Both the conscious and unconscious minds are constantly in conflict with one another, and as a result of this conflict, anxiety develops, which is treated by the ego’s defense mechanism.

During development, personality is created by the conflicts that occur. The ego is in a constant battle with the superego, the id, and the outside world.

Beliefs, values, and morals build up a system that helps a person in decision-making throughout life.

During the first year after a child’s birth, a child must learn how to trust others.

From age one to three, a child must learn autonomy or he will always be doubtful in life.
From three to six, a child has to learn self-planning and leadership skills; otherwise, he will always be a follower.

From six to twelve years, a child must learn to be confident in his achievements; otherwise, he will fail miserably in life.
He must be well aware of his identity and be optimistic about life, as these are two of the most important elements in the quest for fulfillment.

Criminology suggests that parents are responsible for most of the criminal activities of their children.

Improper child-rearing methods and poor control of discipline lead children towards criminal acts. Physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse lead to poor mental and physical health that remains with them into adulthood. A child suffering from poor mental health can never compete with other children. Even hyperactivity in children, if not controlled, can lead to criminal activities as they mature.

Most crimes can be traced back to problems in childhood, with poor schooling or poor attendance in school another issue.

Students failing to do well at school are more likely to turn to criminal activity than those who do well.

Children who do not attend school at an early age fail to do well socially.

During the developmental years, a child can be manipulated by society or family, as strong moral guidance is all one needs to avoid criminal activities later on in life.

Children learn everything from adults and will often try to follow in their footsteps, but sadly, criminal studies have shown that almost all offenders have been victims of violence and aggression at some point in their early life or have had unanswered questions about biological parents who aggressively left the child all alone.

ANALYSIS

Ireland’s crime rate and statistics for 2020 were 0.69, a 1.12% decline from 2019.

Ireland’s crime rate and statistics for 2019 were 0.70, a 13.95% decline from 2018.

Ireland’s crime rate and statistics for 2018 were 0.81, a 1.37% decline from 2017.

Ireland’s crime rate and statistics for 2017 were 0.82, a 13.31% increase from 2016.

Regardless of the above statistics, the increase and the decline rate are still overwhelmingly higher in comparison to the Irish population of an estimated 5,058,284.

Statistics from the index can be found at https://www.bestinireland.com/guide-crime-statistics-ireland/.

It is well understood that Ireland sits in the middle of the world crime index rankings with a crime index value of 45.51.

For reference, Qatar and Venezuela possess the lowest and highest crime indexes, with values of 12.13 and 83.76, respectively.

From 2010 to 2015, Ireland’s crime rate saw a near 45% decrease, going from 1.21 per 100,000 people to 0.67 per 100,000 people.

From 2015 to 2018, the crime rate climbed, going from 0.67 per 100,000 people to 0.87 per 100,000 people.

These changes culminated in almost a 30% increase in crime overall.
In 2019 and 2020, many forms of crime saw an extreme decrease as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The crimes that saw the highest decrease between 2019 and 2020 were burglary and similar offenses, with a decrease of 34.7%.

Though the majority of crimes saw a decrease from 2019 to 2020, homicides, kidnappings, drug offenses, and weapon offenses all saw slight increases.

The crimes with the highest number of occurrences were theft and related offenses, with a total of 51,474 cases in 2020.

Alternatively, the crimes with the lowest number of occurrences were homicide and related offenses, with a total of 73 cases in 2020.

In 2020, 84.2% of all murder or manslaughter victims were males, while 15.8% were females.

The majority of homicide offenses were committed by individuals between the ages of 30 and 44.

79.2% of all sexual violence victims were females, and among these victims, roughly 62% were under the age of 18 at the time of the incident.

Of all the sexual violence victims in Ireland, over half were 30 years old or older at the time of reporting a case.

Among Ireland’s criminals, the highest number of re-offenders was recorded among those under the age of 21, with a re-offending rate of 70.4%.

Crime is present in all parts of the world regardless of a country’s development status or law enforcement capabilities.

However, in certain areas, crime rates can be significantly higher due to an abundance of crime opportunities, a lack of law enforcement, and other select factors.

In the case of Ireland, there is an abundance of data available for in-depth analysis.

By examining this data, it is possible to realize certain trends and generally gain a better understanding of crime in Ireland, along with its causes and effects on the population.

Before diving into national statistics, it’s worth noting that Ireland sits in the middle of the world’s crime index rankings, at 67 out of 137.

With a crime index of 45.51 for 2021, crimes do occur in the Irish State, but crime is certainly not as rampant as in other countries.

To better understand the amalgamation of the increase in crime in Ireland, As a criminologist, criminal psychologist, behavioral psychologist, police science, law enforcement academic, and neurophilosophy expert,

Genetics and Criminality

Genetic studies have shown that identical twins have shown criminal behavior, even if they are brought up separately. This does not happen in the case of fraternal or non-identical twins. This indicates that some part of DNA is responsible for carrying that particular gene that causes criminal behavior. There is a strong link between personality disorders and traits of criminal behavior.

These disorders include Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiance Disorder (ODD), and Conduct Disorder (CD). When an ODD child matures, his character changes, and his behavior may deteriorate.

In the case of CD, a person violates the rules of society. A child suffering from CD will have problems following rules and is more likely to cause physical harm and bullying, show a cruel attitude to animals or people, lie, and destroy other people’s property. ADHD sufferers are often hyperactive and impulsive.

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Ekens Azubuike: Researcher
Board member and founder: Ekens Foundation International.
Member of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.
Accredited member of United Nations Human Rights Committee.
Board member and founder: Ekens Security and Law Science Corp. Canada.